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Fredi Washington
Fredericka Carolyn "Fredi" Washington (December 23, 1903 – June 28, 1994) was an accomplished African-American dramatic film actress, one of the first to gain recognition for her work in film and on stage.〔 She was active during the period known as the Harlem Renaissance (1920s-1930s). She is best known for her role as "Peola" in the 1934 version of the film '' Imitation of Life'', in which she plays a young mulatto woman who decides to pass as white.〔( Sheila Rule, "Fredi Washington, 90, Actress; Broke Ground for Black Artists" ), ''New York Times'', accessed December 14, 2008.〕 Her last film role was in ''One Mile from Heaven'' (1937), after which she left Hollywood and returned to New York to work in theatre and civil rights.
==Early life and education==
Fredi Washington was born in 1903 in Savannah, Georgia to Robert T. Washington, a postal worker, and Harriet Walker Ward, a former dancer. Both were of African-American and European ancestry. Fredi was the second of their five children. Her mother, Hattie, died when Fredi was eleven years old. 〔 Nzinga Cotton. "Fredi Washington: Active Promoter of Rights for Black Entertainers," ''The New Nation'' (London UK), June 16, 2008, p. 21. 〕 As the oldest girl in her family, Fredi helped raise her younger siblings, Isabel, Rosebud and Robert, with the help of their grandmother, whom the family called "Big Mama." After their mother's death, Fredi was sent to the St. Elizabeth's Convent School for colored girls in Cornwells Heights, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.〔 Frank William Johnson. "Acclaimed Actress Fredi Washington, 90, Has Passed Away." ''Philadelphia Tribune,'' August 12, 1994, p. 4D. 〕 Her sister, Isabel, soon followed her. At some point her father, Robert T. Washington, remarried. His second wife died while pregnant. He later married a third time and had four children with his last wife. Fredi had a total of eight siblings from her father's two families.
While Fredi was still in school in Philadelphia, her family moved North to Harlem, New York in the Great Migration for work and opportunity in the industrial North. Fredi followed her family to Harlem, where she graduated from Julia Richman High School in New York City.〔(Stephen Bourne. "Obituary: Fredi Washington" ), ''The Independent'' (London UK), July 4, 1994, n.p. 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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